JESUS’S GIFT OF PEACE
John 14
27 “Peace I leave with you. My peace I give to you.

• Shalom means wholeness, completeness, health, security, even prosperity in the best sense.
• The world bases its peace on its resources, while God’s peace depends on relationships.
• How do you get that peace?
• Yielding to His life
• It’s not by knowing the Word
• You cannot generate the peace Jesus is talking about.
• The Scripture is not our life… It is Jesus who is revealed through the Word.
• The Spirit uses the Word to give us His peace (John 14:27), His love (John 15:9–10), and His joy (John 15:11). If that does not calm a troubled heart, nothing will![1]
• We have to live by His life.
• You have to know this… but it is not by knowing that you have peace… it is by living your life by another source.
• Christ in you.
• Police Chief Thompson

I do not give to you as the world gives.

• There will always be only two responses:
• 1) From the world (based on circumstance) – Condemnation
• 2) From Jesus – Grace, comfort and peace.

Don’t let your heart be troubled or fearful. 28 You have heard (not understood) me tell you, ‘I am going away and I am coming to you.’ If you loved me, you would rejoice that I am going to the Father,
 - If they only knew what was to come!
 - He returned to the Father different than when He came from the Father.
 - Came as a prophet but left as a high priest.
 - He had to have blood to offer.
 - He will return as King!
because the Father is greater than I.
 - Not in deity but in the limitations of human flesh.

• Hebrews 10:20 - He has inaugurated for us a new and living way through the curtain (that is, through his flesh)[2]
• Philippians 2:5-8 - 5 Adopt the same attitude as that of Christ Jesus, 6 who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God as something to be exploited. 7 Instead he emptied himself by assuming the form of a servant, taking on the likeness of humanity. And when he had come as a man, 8 he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death— even to death on a cross. [3]

29 I have told you now before it happens so that when it does happen you may believe.
 - “Oh, wow!!!!”
30 I will not talk with you much longer, because the ruler of the world is coming. He has no power over me.

• Two things: The evil one is the ruler of the world.
• The evil one has no power over Jesus Christ.
• The safest place to be is “in Christ”.
• The evil knows no Truth – He told the 1st lie.
• No Truth = No wisdom
• No wisdom = No discernment
• Truth possesses wisdom
• With wisdom there is discernment
• Jesus and the evil one can’t even be compared.
• No authority over Jesus.

31 On the contrary, so that the world may know that I love the Father, I do as the Father commanded me.
Get up; let’s leave this place.” [4]
 
Matthew 26:30  - After singing a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.[5]
 
    14. Hallel: The singing of the Psalms 113-118Current practice:

• These Psalms sung over the 4th cup (cup of praise)

    15. Nirtzah: Current practice: Nirtzah means “accepted”

• Modern day addition
• Someone states that God is pleased with how the Seder was performed

Since 600 AD, scholarly Jews have debated whether there were 4 or 5 cups.

• A 5th cup was poured but never consumed
• They agreed to leave it that way until Elijah comes and settles the dispute.
• It is now named the Elijah cup.
• The door is opened to accommodate his return.

 
THE VINE AND THE BRANCHES
15 “I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener.

• Who is responsible for producing fruit?
• The gardener.

2 Every branch in me that does not produce fruit he removes (lifts up – Olive Trees), and he prunes every branch that produces fruit so that it will produce more fruit. 3 You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. 4 Remain (abide) in me, and I in you. Just as a branch is unable to produce fruit by itself unless it remains on the vine, neither can you unless you remain (abide) in me.

• Abiding is learning to live your life by another.
• Read your Bible? Go on a mission trip? Praying?
• NO!
• Living your life in Christ. Letting Him doing those things for you.
• You have heard us say you either do things by the Spirit or do things by the flesh.
• You realize you can do “religious things” in your own flesh and it is sin.
• Figure out how to “rest”… a Sabbath Rest is to come.
• Relax, breathe, enjoy Jesus. Abide!
• Take a break from Christianity!
• Just be…

5 I am the vine; you are the branches. The one who remains in me and I in him produces much fruit, because you can do nothing without me.

• The branch cannot produce its own life; it must draw that life from the vine.
• It is our communion with Christ through the Spirit that makes possible the bearing of the fruit.[6]

6 If anyone does not remain (abide) in me, he is thrown aside like a branch and he withers. They gather them, throw them into the fire, and they are burned. [7]

• 1 Corinthians 3:12-15 - 12 If anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, costly stones, wood, hay, or straw, 13 each one’s work will become obvious. For the day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire; the fire will test the quality of each one’s work. 14 If anyone’s work that he has built survives, he will receive a reward. 15 If anyone’s work is burned up, he will experience loss, but he himself will be saved—but only as through fire.[8]
• Judgment Seat of Christ – Is for believers and is a judgment of their works based upon done by self or “in Christ”.
• It’s the fruit that burns… not the believer.

Video from Becky Novakoski

[1] Wiersbe, W. W. (1996). The Bible exposition commentary (Vol. 1, p. 354). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Heb 10:20). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Php 2:5–8). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 14:6–15). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:30). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Wiersbe, W. W. (1996). The Bible exposition commentary (Vol. 1, p. 355). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 15:1–6). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (1 Co 3:12–15). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

12. Tzafun (sa-foon): The eating of the afikoman; Jesus institutes the Lord’s Supper or Communion

• Judas was not present at this point

 13. Bareich (Ba-ray): The grace said over the third cup 

1 Corinthians 11:23-26 - 23 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: On the night when he was betrayed, the Lord Jesus took bread, 24 and when he had given thanks, broke it, and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.”
25 In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, and said, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. [1]
 
2 Elements of Communion

1. Juice/wine – represents Jesus’ blood – Forgiveness of sin
2. Bread – Represents Jesus’ body -
    - Romans 7:1-4 - 1 Since I am speaking to those who know the law, brothers and sisters, don’t you know that the law rules over someone as long as he lives? 2 For example, a married woman is legally bound to her husband while he lives. But if her husband dies, she is released from the law regarding the husband. 3 So then, if she is married to another man while her husband is living, she will be called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is free from that law. Then, if she is married to another man, she is not an adulteress.
3. Therefore, my brothers and sisters, you also were put to death in relation to the law through the body of Christ so that you may belong to another. You belong to him who was raised from the dead in order that we may bear fruit for God.[2]
    - We were born with a sinful nature.

• We were born under the law (married to it)
• We were crucified on the cross with Jesus
• Something in us had to die (sinful nature)
• It is our nature that condemns us… not our sin.
• Once our nature is brand new we are forgiven of our sin.
• Therefore, the body (bread) is taken before the blood (juice/wine).

 
THE DISPUTE OVER GREATNESS
Luke 22:24-30 -
24 Then a dispute also arose among them about who should be considered the greatest.
 - This immediately follows the 12th & 13th ceremony of the Passover Meal (Lord’s Upper)
25 But he said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who have authority over them have themselves called ‘Benefactors.’ 26 It is not to be like that among you. On the contrary, whoever is greatest among you should become like the youngest, and whoever leads, like the one serving. 27 For who is greater, the one at the table or the one serving? Isn’t it the one at the table? But I am among you as the one who serves. 28 You are those who stood by me in my trials. 29 I bestow on you a kingdom, just as my Father bestowed one on me, 30 so that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom. And you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.[3]

• Mystery Kingdom (Church Age) – Acts 2 to “the Rapture”
• Messianic Kingdom – Jesus returns (Rev 20) – 1,000 reign on earth.
• The disciples gave up everything (died martyrs’ death) but they were promised great things.
• Change your theology because they were raised believing it was necessary to collect wealth to get to heaven.

 
THE NEW COMMAND
John 13:31-35 -
31 When he (Judas) had left, Jesus said, “Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him. 32 If God is glorified in him, God will also glorify him in himself and will glorify him at once.

• What event are we talking about?
• Crucifixion, burial & resurrection.

33 Children, I am with you a little while longer. You will look for me, and just as I told the Jews, so now I tell you: ‘Where I am going, you cannot come.’

• They couldn’t go to the cross.

34 “I give you a new command: Love one another. Just as I have loved you, you are also to love one another. 35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another.” [4]

• Jesus was born under the Law and lived it perfectly.
• Jesus died for the purpose of the Law.
• Why would He put the disciples back under the Law?
• How do you love one another perfectly?
• Allowing Jesus to do it through you.
• 36 kids and 18 adults to camp… it is easy to love some… but odds are… not all… unless Jesus is doing it through you.
• It is also easier to love in the midst of crisis.

(Beth Speckman lost her father this week… Todd didn’t get the greatest of news this week…)

• Keeping this passage in the context of 66 books… we are now living under the law of Jesus Christ.
• He will do this through us!

 
PETER’S DENIAL PREDICTED
Matthew 26:31-35 - 31 Then Jesus said to them, “Tonight all of you will fall away because of me, for it is written:
I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.
 (Zechariah 13:7)
32 But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.”
 - The disciples were so distracted with the accusation of scattering they never heard the second part of what Jesus said.

• They never heard “Go to Galilee”.

33 Peter told him, “Even if everyone falls away because of you, I will never fall away.”
34 “Truly I tell you,” Jesus said to him, “tonight, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times.”
35 “Even if I have to die with you,” Peter told him, “I will never deny you,” and all the disciples said the same thing. [5]
 
PETER’S DENIALS PREDICTED
John 13:36-38
36 “Lord,” Simon Peter said to him, “where are you going?”
Jesus answered, “Where I am going you cannot follow me now, but you will follow later.”
37 “Lord,” Peter asked, “why can’t I follow you now? I will lay down my life for you.”
38 Jesus replied, “Will you lay down your life for me? Truly I tell you, a rooster will not crow until you have denied me three times. [6]
 
PETER’S DENIAL PREDICTED
Luke 22:31-34
31 “Simon, Simon, look out. Satan has asked to sift you like wheat. 32 But I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”

• Jesus knew that Peter was going to be the ROCK.
• Peter had been given the keys to the Church.
• Who is the first person that Jesus returns to? Peter

33 “Lord,” he told him, “I’m ready to go with you both to prison and to death.”
34 “I tell you, Peter,” he said, “the rooster will not crow today until you deny three times that you know me.” [7]

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (1 Co 11:23–26). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ro 7:1–4). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:24–30). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 13:31–35). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:31–35). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 13:36–38). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:31–34). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

1) The Kaddeish (Ka-dish): The first cup of wine:
The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification

2) The Urchatz (Ur-hotz): The washing of the handsCurrent practice: urchatz means "and wash,"

• Fingers dipped into water

 
 The Meaning of Footwashing
John 13:12-20
12 When Jesus had washed their feet and put on His robe, He reclined again and said to them, “Do you know what I have done for you? 13 You call Me Teacher and Lord. This is well said, for I am. 14 So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet.  15 For I have given you an example that you also should do just as I have done for you.
16 “I assure you: A slave is not greater than his master, and a messenger is not greater than the one who sent him. 17 If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them. 18 I’m not speaking about all of you; I know those I have chosen. But the Scripture must be fulfilled:  The one who eats My bread has raised his heel against Me.
19 “I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it does happen you will believe that I am He.  20 I assure you: Whoever receives anyone I send receives Me, and the one who receives Me receives Him who sent Me.”
 
3) Carpas (Car-pus): The eating of the green vegetableCurrent practice:

• Parsley is similar to hyssop
• Hyssop being used to apply blood over doorpost.
• Dipped in salt water – tears drip off
• God parted salt waters of Red Sea

Matthew 26:20-23 - 20 When evening came, he was reclining at the table with the Twelve. 21 While they were eating, he said, “Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me.”
22 Deeply distressed, each one began to say to him, “Surely not I, Lord?”
23 He replied, “The one who dipped his hand with me in the bowl—he will betray me. [1]
 
Mark 14:20 - 20 He said to them, “It is one of the Twelve—the one who is dipping bread in the bowl with me. [2]
 
Matthew 26:24-26 - 24 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for him if he had not been born.”
25 Judas, his betrayer, replied, “Surely not I, Rabbi?”
“You have said it,” he told him. [3]

• I’ve been at camp all week… You know how many times I have heard, “Whoever smelt it dealt it!”?
• You said it bro!

Luke 22:22-23 - 22 For the Son of Man will go away as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed!”
23 So they began to argue among themselves which of them it could be who was going to do it. [4]

• Out of order from the 3rd cup (Bob Warren refers to this as “telescoping” to keep the themes together.

 
4) Yachatz (ya-hotz): The breaking of the middle MatzahCurrent practice: Yachatz means “to divide”

• Plate holding 3 loaves of unleavened bread
• Loaves are wrapped together
• Middle loaf is removed and broken in half
• One half is returned
• The other half, “Afikoman”, is wrapped in linen and hidden for later (for use with the 3rd cup – Jesus in the grave 3 days & nights)
• Yachatz is not addressed in Gospels
• 3 loaves – “God the Father, Jesus, the Son & the Holy Spirit.”

 
5) Maggid (Ma-geed): The Passover StoryCurrent practice: Maggid means “telling the story”

• 2nd cup is poured out (10 drops=10 plagues)
• No reference to the Gospels

 
6) Rachtzah (Ra-hotza): Washing of the handsCurrent practice: Rachtzah means “washing”

• Dipping of fingers into water
• No reference to the Gospels

 
7) Motzi (Mot-zee): The blessing of He who brings forth bread from the earthCurrent practice: Motzi means “the bringing forth”

• Blessing on the bread eaten before the main meal
• No reference to the Gospels

 
8) Matzah (Mot-za): The eating of a small piece of the middle matzah and the upper matzahCurrent practice:

• Each participant eats a small piece of the middle and upper matzahs.
• No reference to the Gospels

 
9) Maror (May-roar): Bitter herbsCurrent practice: Maror means “bitter herbs”

• No reference to the Gospels

 
10) Coreich (Cor-rake): The sandwichCurrent practice: Coreich means “combining”

• 2 pieces from bottom matzah with charoset on one piece and maror on the other
• Eaten as a sandwich
• Charoset & maror replaced the lamb
• Eaten with no blessing

John 13:21-30 - 21 When Jesus had said this, he was troubled in his spirit and testified, “Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me.”
22 The disciples started looking at one another—uncertain which one he was speaking about. 23 One of his disciples, the one Jesus loved, was reclining close beside Jesus. 24 Simon Peter motioned to him to find out who it was he was talking about. 25 So he leaned back against Jesus and asked him, “Lord, who is it?”
26 Jesus replied, “He’s the one I give the piece of bread to after I have dipped it.”

• The matzah is dipped into the charoset (ha-ro-set) and referred to as “the sop”
• The first person to receive “the sop” was considered to have been sitting in the place of honor.

When he had dipped the bread, he gave it to Judas, Simon Iscariot’s son. 27 After Judas ate the piece of bread, Satan entered him. So Jesus told him, “What you’re doing, do quickly.”
28 None of those reclining at the table knew why he said this to him. 29 Since Judas kept the money-bag, some thought that Jesus was telling him, “Buy what we need for the festival,” or that he should give something to the poor.
 - The disciples still didn’t have a clue what Judas was getting ready to do.
- The only work that could be done was preparing for the festival meals.
 - Exodus 12:16 - 16 You are to hold a sacred assembly on the first day and another sacred assembly on the seventh day. No work may be done on those days except for preparing what people need to eat—you may do only that. [5]
30 After receiving the piece of bread, he immediately left. And it was night.[6]
 
11) Shulchan (sho-hawn): The eating of the main mealCurrent practice:

• Main meal is eaten (no specific menu)

Luke 22:20 - In the same way he also took the cup after supper…[7]
 
12) Tzafun (sa-foon): The eating of the afikoman; Jesus institutes the Lord’s Supper or CommunionCurrent practice: Tzafun means “the hidden”

• Afikoman is returned to the table.
• Three compartment bag – Trinity
• Afikoman is striped & pierced (Isaiah 53) – this process retards fermentation
• Afikoman hidden (burial) and returned (resurrection)
• Each person receives the size of an olive
• Judas was not present at this point

Luke 22:19 - And he took bread, gave thanks, broke it, gave it to them, and said, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.”[8]

• This is the only time in the Passover Supper that bread is broken and served.
• Not transubstantiation
• This symbolizes Jesus’ body/life

 
13) Bareich (Ba-ray): The grace said over the third cupCurrent practice: Bareich is the “cup of redemption”

• To the unredeemed Jew the cup points to the future redemption and freedom of the Jews

Luke 22:20 - 20 In the same way he also took the cup after supper and said, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.[9]
 
Matthew 26:26-29 - 26 As they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed and broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take and eat it; this is my body.” 27 Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks, he gave it to them and said, “Drink from it, all of you. 28 For this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. 29 But I tell you, I will not drink from this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father’s kingdom.”[10]

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:20–23). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:20). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:24–25). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:22–23). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ex 12:16). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 13:21–30). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:20). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:19). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[9] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:20). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[10] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:26–29). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

• We can base what we believe (faith) on our feelings & opinions
• Then what do we have?
• We are spending so much time on the Passover (Seder) Meal because it matches with the Gospels that we are studying.

Four Cups

• 1) The Kaddeish: The first cup of wine:

The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification

• 2) Maggid: The Passover Story

Current practice: Maggid means “telling the story”

• The actual Passover story is told (Mishnah)
• From Abraham to Jacob
• From the enslavement in Egypt to the liberation of the Jews
• Important for the children to hear the story.
• 2nd cup is poured out (10 drops=10 plagues)

1) Water to blood
2) Frogs
3) Gnats or lice
4) Flies
5) Sick Cattle
6) Boils
7) Hail
8) Locusts
9) Darkness
10) Death of first born
Hallel is read (Psalm 113 & 114)

• 3) Bareich: The grace said over the third cup

Current practice: Bareich is the “cup of redemption”

• 4) Hallel: The singing of the Psalms 113-118

Current practice:

• These Psalms sung over the 4th cup (cup of praise)

 

1. The Kaddeish (Ka-dish): The first cup of wine:

The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification
Current practice: Kaddeish means "sanctification,"

• Lighting of two candles soon after nightfall
• Special blessing is pronounced over the feast day
• blessing over the first cup of wine
• No wine allowed between the first & second cups.
• Occurs soon after nightfall, while the children are still alert – well before they become drowsy enough to fall asleep.

Luke 22:14-18 - 14 When the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him. 15 Then he said to them, “I have fervently desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 17 Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks, he said, “Take this and share it among yourselves. 18 For I tell you, from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine (alcoholic from natural fermentation) until the kingdom of God comes.” [1]

• According to Jewish tradition – there was a specific amount of wine poured into each cup so as to prevent participants from becoming drunk.
• Therefore, you can conclude that the wine actually contained alcohol.

 

1. The Urchatz (urhotz): The washing of the hands

Current practice: urchatz means "and wash,"

• Fingers dipped into water

John 13:1-11 - Before the Passover Festival,

• Leviticus 23:4-6 - 4 “These are the Lord’s appointed times, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times. 5 The Passover to the Lord comes in the first month, at twilight on the fourteenth day of the month. 6 The Festival of Unleavened Bread to the Lord is on the fifteenth day of the same month.

Jesus knew that His hour had come to depart from this world to the Father.  Having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end.

• John 6:37 - 37 Everyone the Father gives me will come to me, and the one who comes to me I will never cast out.[2]

2 Now by the time of supper, the Devil had already put it into the heart of Judas, Simon Iscariot’s son, to betray Him. 3 Jesus knew that the Father had given everything into His hands, that He had come from God, and that He was going back to God.

• Jesus knew His identity
• No problem humbling himself to wash the disciples feet.

4 So He got up from supper, laid aside His robe, took a towel, and tied it around Himself. 5 Next, He poured water into a basin and began to wash His disciples’ feet and to dry them with the towel tied around Him.

• The creator submits to the created… just as Jesus did with His parents.

6 He came to Simon Peter, who asked Him, “Lord, are You going to wash my feet?”
7 Jesus answered him, “What I’m doing you don’t understand now, but afterward you will know.”

• Remember what it was like before Google maps?
• You actually had to read a map.
• You estimated how long it would take.
• You had no idea what traffic there was.
• You never knew what time you would actually get there.
• What about meeting people?
• Big difference in what we knew then vs what we know now.

8 “You will never wash my feet—ever!” Peter said.

• Peter… the same one who jumped out of the boat with no fear… the same one who later told Jesus he would never deny Him… the same one who grabbed a sword and cut off the ear of the soldier when they came to arrest Jesus.

Jesus replied, “If I don’t wash you, you have no part with Me.”
9 Simon Peter said to Him, “Lord, not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.”
10 “One who has bathed,” Jesus told him, “doesn’t need to wash anything except his feet, but he is completely clean. You are clean, but not all of you.”

• Public bathhouse – but you still had to walk home
• Crecelius wedding yesterday… I kept my shoes dust-free and tried not to get sweaty… ha!
• 1 Corinthians 6:9-11 - 9 Don’t you know that the unrighteous will not inherit God’s kingdom? Do not be deceived: No sexually immoral people, idolaters, adulterers, or males who have sex with males, 10 no thieves, greedy people, drunkards, verbally abusive people, or swindlers will inherit God’s kingdom. 11 And some of you used to be like this. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God. [3]
• This includes those getting drunk at the Lord’s Supper and the dude sleeping with his mother-in-law.
• When was I washed?
• “But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified” – Past tense… done deal.
• Completed action – cannot be improved on.
• Not just “declared”… but made that way…
• Ephesians 1:4 – God made me holy – past tense.
• Colossians 2:10 – I was made complete – completed action
• Romans 8:30 – I was made glorified.
• Hebrews 10:10 – I was made perfect.
• Hebrews 10:14 – I was made sanctified and perfect.
• 1 John 2:12 – I was forgiven.
• 2 Corinthians 5:21 – I was made righteous, the righteousness of God Himself.
• That happened when I was 8 years old.
• This is not a position that I hold, waiting to die to receive the fullness of these verses.
• THIS IS WHO I AM!
• Why do you think we keep teaching identity over and over again here at Leavener?

11 For He knew who would betray Him. This is why He said, “You are not all clean.”
This is a good indication that Judas was not a believer.

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:14–18). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 6:37). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (1 Co 6:9–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

• The house was supposed to be rid of leaven before Noon on Thursday – 14th of Nisan
• Peter & John killed the Passover Lamb on Thursday afternoon – 14th of Nisan
• Passover Meals was eaten after Sundown on the 14th of Nisan which was the beginning of the Jewish Friday.
• Gethsemane, Caiaphas, Pilate on Friday Evening
• Jesus was crucified at 9 AM on Friday, the 15th of Nisan
• Jesus died at 3 PM on Friday, the 15th of Nisan
• Jesus was buried before sundown on Friday.
• Jesus was in the grave on Friday before sundown – 1 day
• Jesus was in the grave all day on Saturday (Sabbath) beginning at sundown on the 15th of Nisan. – 2 days
• Jesus was in the grave on Sunday, after sundown on the 15th of Nisan. - 3 days
• Jesus was resurrected on Sunday before sunrise on the 16th of Nisan.
• Jesus was in the grave 3 Jewish days.
• Jesus fulfilled the Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread and the Feast of First Fruits.

 
Leviticus 23:4-11 - 4 “These are the Lord’s appointed times, the sacred assemblies you are to proclaim at their appointed times. 5 The Passover to the Lord comes in the first month, at twilight on the fourteenth day of the month. 6 The Festival of Unleavened Bread to the Lord is on the fifteenth day of the same month. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. 7 On the first day you are to hold a sacred assembly; you are not to do any daily work. 8 You are to present a fire offering to the Lord for seven days. On the seventh day there will be a sacred assembly; do not do any daily work.”
9 The Lord spoke to Moses: 10 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land I am giving you and reap its harvest, you are to bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest. 11 He will present the sheaf before the Lord so that you may be accepted; the priest is to present it on the day after the Sabbath.[1]

• For the Jews: the Passover was significant
• For the Christians: the timing of the sacrifice was important.

Current Seder Plate was recognized until 600 AD.
This "order" is known as the “seder,”

• seder meaning "order.”
• Picture of Seder Plate
• Picture of Seder Meal
• All Jews use the same type of seder plate.
• A cup of salt water is positioned in the center of the plate.
• Reclining – Slaves had to stand or sit up straight to eat meals. So now they recline in freedom.

 
Things changed after the destruction of the temple in AD 70, for no longer could a lamb be slain for the Passover meal.

• The shank bone of a lamb is placed on the Seder plate as a memorial. The shank bone serving as a symbol of the lamb that can no longer be offered for the Passover meal.
• Roasted chicken is usually eaten today in place of the lamb during the main meal.

 

1. The Kaddeish: The first cup of wine:

The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification
Current practice: Kaddeish means "sanctification,"

• Lighting of two candles soon after nightfall
• Special blessing is pronounced over the feast day
• blessing over the first cup of wine
• No wine allowed between the first & second cups.
• Occurs soon after nightfall, while the children are still alert – well before they become drowsy enough to fall asleep.

Luke 22:17 - Then He took a cup, and after giving thanks, He said, “Take this and share it among yourselves. 18 For I tell you, from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine (Passover wine…alcoholic) until the kingdom of God comes.”[2]

1. The Urchatz: The washing of the hands

Current practice: urchatz means "and wash,"

• Fingers dipped into water

John 13:1-20 - Before the Passover Festival, Jesus knew that His hour had come to depart from this world to the Father.  Having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end.
2 Now by the time of supper, the Devil had already put it into the heart of Judas, Simon Iscariot’s son, to betray Him. 3 Jesus knew that the Father had given everything into His hands, that He had come from God,  and that He was going back to God. 4 So He got up from supper, laid aside His robe, took a towel, and tied it around Himself. 5 Next, He poured water into a basin and began to wash His disciples’ feet and to dry them with the towel tied around Him.
6 He came to Simon Peter, who asked Him, “Lord, are You going to wash my feet?”
7 Jesus answered him, “What I’m doing you don’t understand now, but afterward you will know.”
8 “You will never wash my feet—ever!” Peter said.
Jesus replied, “If I don’t wash you, you have no part with Me.”
9 Simon Peter said to Him, “Lord, not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.”
10 “One who has bathed,” Jesus told him, “doesn’t need to wash anything except his feet, but he is completely clean. You are clean, but not all of you.” 11 For He knew who would betray Him. This is why He said, “You are not all clean.”
 
The Meaning of Footwashing
12 When Jesus had washed their feet and put on His robe, He reclined again and said to them, “Do you know what I have done for you? 13 You call Me Teacher and Lord. This is well said, for I am. 14 So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet.  15 For I have given you an example that you also should do just as I have done for you.
16 “I assure you: A slave is not greater than his master, and a messenger is not greater than the one who sent him. 17 If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them. 18 I’m not speaking about all of you; I know those I have chosen. But the Scripture must be fulfilled:  The one who eats My bread has raised his heel against Me.
19 “I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it does happen you will believe that I am He.  20 I assure you: Whoever receives anyone I send receives Me, and the one who receives Me receives Him who sent Me.”

1. Carpas: The eating of the green vegetable

Current practice:

• Parsley is similar to hyssop
• Hyssop being used to apply blood over doorpost.
• Dipped in salt water – tears drip off
• God parted salt waters of Red Sea

Matthew 26:21-25 - While they were eating, He said, “I assure you: One of you will betray Me.”
22 Deeply distressed, each one began to say to Him, “Surely not I, Lord?”
23 He replied, “The one who dipped his hand with Me in the bowl—he will betray Me. 24 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about Him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.”
25 Then Judas, His betrayer, replied, “Surely not I, Rabbi?”
“You have said it,” He told him. [3]

1. Yachatz: The breaking of the middle Matzah

Current practice: Yachatz means “to divide”

• Plate holding 3 loaves of unleavened bread
• Loaves are wrapped together
• Middle loaf is removed and broken in half
• One half is returned
• The other half, “Afikoman”, is wrapped in linen and hidden for later (for use with the 3rd cup)
• Yachatz is not addressed in Gospels

 

1. Maggid: The Passover Story

Current practice: Maggid means “telling the story”

• The actual Passover story is told (Mishnah)
• From Abraham to Jacob
• From the enslavement in Egypt to the liberation of the Jews
• Important for the children to hear the story.
• 2nd cup is poured out (10 drops=10 plagues)

1) Water to blood
2) Frogs
3) Gnats or lice
4) Flies
5) Sick Cattle
6) Boils
7) Hail
8) Locusts
9) Darkness
10) Death of first born

• Hallel is read (Psalm 113 & 114)

 

1. Rachtzah: Washing of the hands

Current practice: Rachtzah means “washing”

• Dipping of fingers into water

 

1. Motzi: The blessing of He who brings forth bread from the earth

Current practice: Motzi means “the bringing forth”

• Blessing on the bread eaten before the main meal
• “Blessed are You, O Lord our god, ruler of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.”

 

1. Matzah: The eating of a small piece of the middle matzah and the upper matzah

Current practice:

• Each participant eats a small piece of the middle and upper matzahs.
• They all recite “Blessed are You, O Lord our God, Ruler of the Universe, who commanded us concerning the eating of the Matzah.”
• Points to the swiftness with which the Jews departed from Egypt.

 

1. Maror: Bitter herbs

Current practice: Maror means “bitter herbs”

• Blessing over a bitter herb
• Bitter herb is dipped in charoset
• Brings tears to the eyes in remembrance of tears shed in Egypt and loss of sons in Nile.
• Eaten with matzah (hurriedness & bitterness)

 

1. Coreich: The sandwich

Current practice: Coreich means “combining”

• 2 pieces from bottom matzah with charoset on one piece and maror on the other
• Eaten as a sandwich
• Charoset & maror replaced the lamb
• Eaten with no blessing

John 13:21-30 - When Jesus had said this, He was troubled in His spirit and testified, “I assure you: One of you will betray Me!”
22 The disciples started looking at one another—uncertain which one He was speaking about. 23 One of His disciples, the one Jesus loved, was reclining close beside Jesus. 24 Simon Peter motioned to him to find out who it was He was talking about. 25 So he leaned back against Jesus and asked Him, “Lord, who is it?”
26 Jesus replied, “He’s the one I give the piece of bread to after I have dipped it.”  When He had dipped the bread, He gave it to Judas, Simon Iscariot’s son.  27 After Judas ate the piece of bread, Satan entered him. Therefore Jesus told him, “What you’re doing, do quickly.”
28 None of those reclining at the table knew why He told him this. 29 Since Judas kept the money-bag, some thought that Jesus was telling him, “Buy what we need for the festival,” or that he should give something to the poor. 30 After receiving the piece of bread, he went out immediately. And it was night.

1. Shulchan: The eating of the main meal

Current practice:

• Main meal is eaten (no specific menu)
• In Moses’ day, roasted lamb was required
• A different roasted egg was eaten to begin the meal
• The roasted egg was known as the Chagigah and was offered at 9 AM on Passover day
• Since there is no temple the egg was offered in replacement of the lamb
• It is dipped in salt as the sacrifices were salted
• One should not eat or drink too much so they can enjoy the afikoman last.

Luke 22:20 - In the same way He also took the cup after supper and said,… [4]
 
 

1. Tzafun: The eating of the afikoman; Jesus institutes the Lord’s Supper or Communion

Current practice: Tzafun means “the hidden”

• After the meal, the afikoman is returned and eaten as “desert”
• Each person receives the size of an olive
• Judas was not present at this point

Luke 22:19 - And He took bread, gave thanks, broke it, gave it to them, and said, “This is My body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of Me.”[5]

• Three compartment bag – Trinity
• Afikoman hidden (burial) and returned (resurrection)
• In conjunction with 3rd cup – Jesus rose on the 3rd day

 

1. Bareich: The grace said over the third cup

Current practice: Bareich is the “cup of redemption”

• To the unredeemed Jew the cup points to the future redemption and freedom of the Jews

Luke 22:20 - In the same way He also took the cup after supper and said, “This cup is the new covenant established by My blood; it is shed for you.”[6]

• Judas was not present

Luke 22:24-30 - Then a dispute also arose among them about who should be considered the greatest. 25 But He said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles dominate them, and those who have authority over them are called ‘Benefactors.’  26 But it must not be like that among you. On the contrary, whoever is greatest among you must become like the youngest, and whoever leads, like the one serving. 27 For who is greater, the one at the table or the one serving? Isn’t it the one at the table? But I am among you as the One who serves. 28 You are the ones who stood by Me in My trials. 29 I bestow on you a kingdom, just as My Father bestowed one on Me, 30 so that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom. And you will sit on thrones judging the 12 tribes of Israel.”[7]
 
John 13:31-35 - When he had gone out, Jesus said, “Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in Him.  32 If God is glorified in Him, God will also glorify Him in Himself and will glorify Him at once.
33 “Children, I am with you a little while longer.  You will look for Me, and just as I told the Jews, ‘Where I am going you cannot come,’ so now I tell you.
34 “I give you a new command: Love one another. Just as I have loved you, you must also love one another. 35 By this all people will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.”

• This is based upon the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) that already resides in us.

 
Matthew 26:31-35 - Then Jesus said to them, “Tonight all of you will run away because of Me, for it is written:
I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.
32 But after I have been resurrected, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.”
33 Peter told Him, “Even if everyone runs away because of You, I will never run away!”
34 “I assure you,” Jesus said to him, “tonight, before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times!”
35 “Even if I have to die with You,” Peter told Him, “I will never deny You!” And all the disciples said the same thing.
 
Luke 22:35-36 - He also said to them, “When I sent you out without money-bag, traveling bag, or sandals, did you lack anything?”
“Not a thing,” they said.
36 Then He said to them, “But now, whoever has a money-bag should take it, and also a traveling bag. And whoever doesn’t have a sword should sell his robe and buy one. 37 For I tell you, what is written must be fulfilled in Me: And He was counted among the outlaws.  Yes, what is written about Me is coming to its fulfillment.”
38 “Lord,” they said, “look, here are two swords.”
“Enough of that!”  He told them. [8]

• A sword to defend yourself but not during persecution.

 
John 14 - “Your heart must not be troubled. Believe in God; believe also in Me. 2 In My Father’s house are many dwelling places; if not, I would have told you. I am going away to prepare a place for you. 3 If I go away and prepare a place for you, I will come back and receive you to Myself, so that where I am you may be also.  4 You know the way to where I am going.”  5 “Lord,” Thomas said, “we don’t know where You’re going. How can we know the way?”
6 Jesus told him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.
        -We, the Church, is His one chosen bride
 
Jesus Reveals the Father
7 “If you know Me, you will also know My Father. From now on you do know Him and have seen Him.”
8 “Lord,” said Philip, “show us the Father, and that’s enough for us.”
9 Jesus said to him, “Have I been among you all this time without your knowing Me, Philip? The one who has seen Me has seen the Father.  How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10 Don’t you believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in Me?  The words I speak to you I do not speak on My own. The Father who lives in Me does His works. 11 Believe Me that I am in the Father and the Father is in Me. Otherwise, believe because of the works themselves.
 
Praying in Jesus’ Name
12 “I assure you: The one who believes in Me will also do the works that I do. And he will do even greater works than these, because I am going to the Father.  13 Whatever you ask in My name, I will do it so that the Father may be glorified in the Son.  14 If you ask Me anything in My name, I will do it.
 
Another Counselor Promised
15 “If you love Me, you will keep My commands.  16 And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Counselor to be with you forever. 17 He is the Spirit of truth.  The world is unable to receive Him because it doesn’t see Him or know Him. But you do know Him, because He remains with you and will be in you. 18 I will not leave you as orphans; I am coming to you.
 
The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
19 “In a little while the world will see Me no longer, but you will see Me.  Because I live, you will live too. 20 In that day you will know that I am in My Father, you are in Me, and I am in you. 21 The one who has My commands and keeps them is the one who loves Me.  And the one who loves Me will be loved by My Father.  I also will love him and will reveal Myself to him.”
22 Judas (not Iscariot) said to Him, “Lord, how is it You’re going to reveal Yourself to us and not to the world?”
23 Jesus answered, “If anyone loves Me, he will keep My word. My Father will love him, and We will come to him and make Our home with him.  24 The one who doesn’t love Me will not keep My words. The word that you hear is not Mine but is from the Father who sent Me.
25 “I have spoken these things to you while I remain with you. 26 But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit —the Father will send  Him in My name—will teach you all things  and remind you of everything I have told you.
 
Jesus’ Gift of Peace
27 “Peace I leave with you. My peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Your heart must not be troubled or fearful.  28 You have heard Me tell you, ‘I am going away and I am coming to you.’ If you loved Me, you would have rejoiced that I am going to the Father, because the Father is greater than I.  29 I have told you now before it happens so that when it does happen you may believe. 30 I will not talk with you much longer, because the ruler of the world is coming. He has no power over Me. 31 On the contrary, I am going away so that the world may know that I love the Father. Just as the Father commanded Me, so I do.
“Get up; let’s leave this place.[9]

1. Hallel: The singing of the Psalms 113-118

Current practice:

• These Psalms sung over the 4th cup (cup of praise)

 

1. Nirtzah:

Current practice: Nirtzah means “accepted”

• Modern day addition
• Someone states that God is pleased with how the Seder was performed

 
Since 600 AD, scholarly Jews have debated whether there were 4 or 5 cups.

• A 5th cup was poured but never consumed
• They agreed to leave it that way until Elijah comes and settles the dispute.
• It is now named the Elijah cup.

The door is opened to accommodate his return

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Le 23:4–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:17–19). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Mt 26:21–25). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:20). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:19). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:20). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:24–30). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Lk 22:35–38). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[9] The Holy Bible : Holman Christian standard version. 2009 (Jn 13:1–14:31). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

• We left last week on Tuesday Night
• Mary anointed Jesus and Judas went to betray Jesus.
• Now it is Thursday… No mention of Wednesday.
• This will be the last Passover with His disciples.
• The Passover today is not the same as the Passover during Jesus’ days because there is no longer a sacrifice at the Temple.
• Pic of Temple Mount
• Pic of Temple Mount Rubble

Preparation for the Passover
Matthew 26:17-19
17 On the first day of Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?”

• The Feast of the Unleavened Bread and the Passover are two different things.
• The “Feast” of the Unleavened Bread was an 8-day celebration that occurred simultaneously with Passover.
• Leviticus 23:5-6 - The Passover to the Lord comes in the first month, at twilight on the fourteenth day of the month. 6 The Festival of Unleavened Bread to the Lord is on the fifteenth day of the same month. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.[1]
• The word “day” or “feast” was added to the original Greek text. Nor should it be capitalized.
• The first of the unleavened bread was the time of preparation before sundown.
• The disciples prepared the Passover meal w/ lamb on Thursday before sundown.
• The Last Supper occurred in the Upper Room after sundown on Thursday.
• The Chagigah sacrifice was a special sacrifice made on Friday (15th day) at 9 AM.
• 30 AD or 33 AD were the two years where the 14th of Nisan fell on a Thursday.

18 “Go into the city to a certain man,” he said, “and tell him, ‘The Teacher says: My time is near; I am celebrating the Passover at your place with my disciples.’” 19 So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover. [2]
 
Mark 14:12-16
12 On the first day of Unleavened Bread, when they sacrifice the Passover lamb, his disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and prepare the Passover so that you may eat it?”
13 So he sent two of his disciples and told them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him. 14 Wherever he enters, tell the owner of the house, ‘The Teacher says, “Where is my guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”’ 15 He will show you a large room upstairs, furnished and ready. Make the preparations for us there.” 16 So the disciples went out, entered the city, and found it just as he had told them, and they prepared the Passover. [3]
 
Luke 22:7-13
7 Then the Day of Unleavened Bread came when the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. 8 Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.”
9 “Where do you want us to prepare it?” they asked him.
10 “Listen,” he said to them, “when you’ve entered the city, a man carrying a water jug will meet you. Follow him into the house he enters. 11 Tell the owner of the house, ‘The Teacher asks you, “Where is the guest room where I can eat the Passover with my disciples?”’ 12 Then he will show you a large, furnished room upstairs. Make the preparations there.”
13 So they went and found it just as he had told them, and they prepared the Passover. [4]

• The Mishnah – Page 142-3
• Pics of the Upper Room

 
The First Lord’s Supper
Matthew 26:20
20 When evening came, he was reclining at the table with the Twelve. [5]
 
Mark 14:17
17 When evening came, he arrived with the Twelve.[6]
 
Luke 22:14-16
14 When the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him. 15 Then he said to them, “I have fervently desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16 For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”[7]

• 1 Corinthians 5:6-7 - 6 Don’t you know that a little leaven leavens the whole batch of dough? 7 Clean out the old leaven so that you may be a new unleavened batch, as indeed you are. For Christ our Passover lamb has been sacrificed.[8]​
• Ezekiel 40-48 is our best description of prophecy concerning the Millennial.
• Ezekiel 45:21-25 - 21 “In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you are to celebrate the Passover, a festival of seven days during which unleavened bread will be eaten. 22 On that day the prince will provide a bull as a sin offering on behalf of himself and all the people of the land. 23 During the seven days of the festival, he will provide seven bulls and seven rams without blemish as a burnt offering to the Lord on each of the seven days, along with a male goat each day for a sin offering. 24 He will also provide a grain offering of half a bushel per bull and half a bushel per ram, along with a gallon of oil for every half bushel. 25 At the festival that begins on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, he will provide the same things for seven days—the same sin offerings, burnt offerings, grain offerings, and oil. [9]
• Feast of Unleavened Bread & Feast of Tabernacles will be observed during the Millennial.
• All done as a memorial for Jesus has already done.
• Just as the Passover serves as a Memorial for the Exodus out of Egypt.

 
Numbers 9:2-5 - 2 “The Israelites are to observe the Passover at its appointed time. 3 You must observe it at its appointed time on the fourteenth day of this month at twilight; you are to observe it according to all its statutes and ordinances.” 4 So Moses told the Israelites to observe the Passover, 5 and they observed it in the first month on the fourteenth day at twilight in the Wilderness of Sinai. The Israelites did everything as the Lord had commanded Moses. [10]
 
Thursday – Passover proper. The lamb is killed, and Jesus and His disciples eat the Passover meal in the upper room.
 
Friday – the Day of Preparation. Jesus is tried and executed (although never convicted). The Jews continue their “Passover” celebrations with the chagigah, offerings made during the Feast of Unleavened Bread.
 
Saturday – the weekly Sabbath.
 
Sunday – Resurrection Day.

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Le 23:5–6). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:17–19). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:12–16). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:7–13). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:20). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:17). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:14–16). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (1 Co 5:6–7). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[9] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Eze 45:21–25). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[10] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Nu 9:2–5). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

Luke 21:37-38
37 During the day, he was teaching in the temple, but in the evening he would go out and spend the night on what is called the Mount of Olives. 38 Then all the people would come early in the morning to hear him in the temple.[1]
 

• Tuesday Evening – Jewish Days started at Sundown.
• Genesis 1:1-5 - 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
• 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness covered the surface of the watery depths, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters. 3 Then God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” There was an evening, and there was a morning: one day. [2]
• Matthew - 26, 27 & 28
• Mark - 14, 15 & 16
• Luke - 22, 23 & 24

 
THE PLOT TO KILL JESUS
Matthew 26:1-5
1 When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he told his disciples,

• The Olivet Discourse

2 “You know that the Passover takes place after two days, and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified.”

• Exodus 12:1-11 - 1 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 2 “This month is to be the beginning of months for you; it is the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month they must each select an animal of the flock according to their fathers’ families, one animal per family. 4 If the household is too small for a whole animal, that person and the neighbor nearest his house are to select one based on the combined number of people; you should apportion the animal according to what each will eat. 5 You must have an unblemished animal, a year-old male; you may take it from either the sheep or the goats. 6 You are to keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembly of the community of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight. 7 They must take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses where they eat them. 8 They are to eat the meat that night; they should eat it, roasted over the fire along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over fire—its head as well as its legs and inner organs. 10 You must not leave any of it until morning; any part of it left until morning you must burn. 11 Here is how you must eat it: You must be dressed for travel, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in a hurry; it is the Lord’s Passover.
  12 “I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and strike every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, both people and animals. I am the Lord; I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt. 13 The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a distinguishing mark for you; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will be among you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
• “This day is to be a memorial for you, and you must celebrate it as a festival to the Lord. You are to celebrate it throughout your generations as a permanent statute. [3]
• Tuesday Evening – Actually Wednesday
• Thursday Evening – Actually Friday

3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people assembled in the courtyard of the high priest, who was named Caiaphas,

• Pic of courtyard

4 and they conspired to arrest Jesus in a treacherous way and kill him. 5 “Not during the festival,” they said, “so there won’t be rioting among the people.” [4]
 
Mark 14:1-2
1 It was two days before the Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread. The chief priests and the scribes were looking for a cunning way to arrest Jesus and kill him. 2 “Not during the festival,” they said, “so that there won’t be a riot among the people.” [5]
 
Acts 2:22-23 - 22 “Fellow Israelites, listen to these words: This Jesus of Nazareth was a man attested to you by God with miracles, wonders, and signs that God did among you through him, just as you yourselves know. 23 Though he was delivered up according to God’s determined plan and foreknowledge, you used lawless people to nail him to a cross and kill him. [6]

• God’s plan all along.

 
Luke 22:1-2
1 The Festival of Unleavened Bread, which is called Passover, was approaching. 2 The chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to put him to death, because they were afraid of the people. [7]
 
THE ANOINTING AT BETHANY
Matthew 26:6-13
6 While Jesus was in Bethany at the house of Simon the leper, 7 a woman approached him with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume. She poured it on his head as he was reclining at the table. 8 When the disciples saw it, they were indignant. “Why this waste?” they asked. 9 “This might have been sold for a great deal and given to the poor.”
10 Aware of this, Jesus said to them, “Why are you bothering this woman? She has done a noble thing for me. 11 You always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me. 12 By pouring this perfume on my body, she has prepared me for burial. 13 Truly I tell you, wherever this gospel is proclaimed in the whole world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.” [8]
 
Luke 10:38-42
38 While they were traveling, he entered a village, and a woman named Martha welcomed him into her home. 39 She had a sister named Mary, who also sat at the Lord’s feet and was listening to what he said. 40 But Martha was distracted by her many tasks, and she came up and asked, “Lord, don’t you care that my sister has left me to serve alone? So tell her to give me a hand.”
41 The Lord answered her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and upset about many things, 42 but one thing is necessary. Mary has made the right choice, and it will not be taken away from her.” [9]
 
Mark 14:3-9
3 While he was in Bethany at the house of Simon the leper, as he was reclining at the table, a woman came with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume of pure nard. She broke the jar and poured it on his head. 4 But some were expressing indignation to one another: “Why has this perfume been wasted? 5 For this perfume might have been sold for more than three hundred denarii and given to the poor.” And they began to scold her.
6 Jesus replied, “Leave her alone. Why are you bothering her? She has done a noble thing for me. 7 You always have the poor with you, and you can do what is good for them whenever you want, but you do not always have me. 8 She has done what she could; she has anointed my body in advance for burial. 9 Truly I tell you, wherever the gospel is proclaimed in the whole world, what she has done will also be told in memory of her.”[10]

John 12:2-8
2 So they gave a dinner for him there; Martha was serving them,

• Martha hasn’t learned anything since Oct 29, 2017
• Somebody asked me on Tuesday if I ever get frustrated with people coming every Sunday but nothing ever changes in their lives.
• It even happened with Jesus.

and Lazarus was one of those reclining at the table with him. 3 Then Mary took a pound of perfume, pure and expensive nard, anointed Jesus’s feet, and wiped his feet with her hair. So the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume.
4 Then one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot (who was about to betray him), said, 5 “Why wasn’t this perfume sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?” 6 He didn’t say this because he cared about the poor but because he was a thief. He was in charge of the money-bag and would steal part of what was put in it.

• If God knew all this… why did He put Judas in charge of the $$$?

7 Jesus answered, “Leave her alone; she has kept it for the day of my burial. 8 For you always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me.” [11]

Matthew 26:14-16
14 Then one of the Twelve, the man called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15 and said, “What are you willing to give me if I hand him over to you?” So they weighed out thirty pieces of silver for him. 16 And from that time he started looking for a good opportunity to betray him. [12]

• In reference to the good and bad shepherds of Israel
• These verses were in reference to the value placed on God by the Israelites who had been oppressed due to their own disobedience.

Zechariah 11:12-13 - 12 Then I said to them, “If it seems right to you, give me my wages; but if not, keep them.” So they weighed my wages, thirty pieces of silver.
13 “Throw it to the potter,” the Lord said to me—this magnificent price I was valued by them. So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw it into the house of the Lord, to the potter.[13]

Mark 14:10-11
10 Then Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve, went to the chief priests to betray Jesus to them. 11 And when they heard this, they were glad and promised to give him money. So he started looking for a good opportunity to betray him. [14]
Luke 22:3-6
3 Then Satan entered Judas, called Iscariot, who was numbered among the Twelve. 4 He went away and discussed with the chief priests and temple police how he could hand him over to them. 5 They were glad and agreed to give him silver.

• Judas was needed so Jesus could be arrested in a private setting.
• Judas was needed to bring an indictment against Jesus so Pilate would have Jesus arrested by the hands of the Romans.

6 So he accepted the offer and started looking for a good opportunity to betray him to them when the crowd was not present. [15]
John 6:64-65 - 64 But there are some among you who don’t believe.” (For Jesus knew from the beginning those who did not believe and the one who would betray him.) 65 He said, “This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father.” [16]

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 21:37–38). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ge 1:1–5). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ex 12:1–14). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:1–5). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:1–2). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ac 2:22–24). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:1–2). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:6–13). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[9] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 10:38–42). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[10] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:3–9). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[11] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 12:2–8). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[12] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 26:14–16). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[13] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Zec 11:12–13). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[14] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 14:10–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[15] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 22:3–6). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[16] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 6:64–65). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

Luke 19
THE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY
28 When he had said these things, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem.[1]
 
John 11
55 Now the Jewish Passover was near,
 - This was the 4th Passover mentioned in Jesus’ public ministry.
and many went up to Jerusalem from the country to purify themselves before the Passover. 56 They were looking for Jesus and asking one another as they stood in the temple: “What do you think? He won’t come to the festival, will he?” 57 The chief priests and the Pharisees had given orders that if anyone knew where he was, he should report it so that they could arrest him.

• The last thing the Pharisees wanted to do was to have a trial during the Passover Festival.
• The last thing Satan wanted was for Jesus to be crucified on the Passover.

 
THE ANOINTING AT BETHANY
12 Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany where Lazarus was, the one Jesus had raised from the dead.[2]

• 8th Day of the month of Nisan in 30 AD.
• 1 week before the crucifixion

 
THE DECISION TO KILL LAZARUS
9 Then a large crowd of the Jews learned he was there. They came not only because of Jesus but also to see Lazarus, the one he had raised from the dead. 10 But the chief priests had decided to kill Lazarus also, 11 because he was the reason many of the Jews were deserting them and believing in Jesus.[3]

• Couldn’t Jesus have raised Lazarus from the dead again?
• Sometimes you get into a mess so deep that you can’t even think reasonably.

 
Exodus 12
1 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: 2 “This month is to be the beginning of months for you; it is the first month of your year.
 - Abib – Nisan

• Deuteronomy – 16:1 - “Set aside the month of Abib and observe the Passover to the Lord your God, because the Lord your God brought you out of Egypt by night in the month of Abib.[4]
• After the Babylonian captivity in 586 BC
• Esther 3:7 - In the first month, the month of Nisan,[5]

 
In Jewish history and tradition

• 1 Nisan (circa 3761 BCE) – Creation of the Universe according to Rabbi Joshua's opinion in the Talmud (Rosh Hashanah 10b-11a)..
• 1 Nisan (circa 1638 BCE) – Death of Abraham according to the Talmud
• 1 Nisan (circa 1533 BCE) – Death of Isaac according to the Talmud
• 1 Nisan (circa 1506 BCE) – Death of Jacob according to the Talmud
• 7 Nisan (circa 1416 BCE) – Joshua sends two spies to Jericho.
• 10 Nisan (circa 1417 BCE) – Death of Miriam, 39 years after the Exodus.
• 10 Nisan (circa 1416 BCE) – The Israelites cross the Jordan river into Canaan (Joshua 4)
• 13 Nisan (circa 474 BCE) – Haman's decree to annihilate the Jews is passed.
• 15 Nisan (circa 1713 BCE) – Birth of Isaac
• 15 Nisan (circa 1456 BCE) – The Exodus from Egypt
• 15 Nisan (474 BCE) – Esther appears before Achashverosh unsummoned and invites him and Haman to a feast to be held the same day. During the feast she requests that the king and Haman attend a second feast the next day.
• 16 Nisan (circa 1273 BCE) – The Children of Israel stop eating Manna, six days after entering the Holy Land.
• 16 Nisan (circa 474 BCE) – Esther's second feast during which she accuses Haman regarding his plot to annihilate her nation. Achashverosh orders his servants to hang Haman.
• 17 Nisan (circa 24th century BCE) – Noah's Ark came to rest on mountains of Ararat[3]
• 17 Nisan (circa 474 BCE) – Haman hanged after Queen Esther's second drinking party.
• 21 Nisan (circa 1456 BCE) – The sea splits, allowing Israel to escape the Egyptian army.
• 26 Nisan (circa 1386 BCE) – Death of Joshua
• 28 Nisan (circa 1415 BCE) – Conquest of Jericho by Joshua (Book of Joshua ch. 6).

 
In the New Testament[edit]

• 8 Nisan – Jesus was anointed at Bethany by Mary (John 12:1)
• 10 Nisan – Jesus triumphantly entered Jerusalem (John 12:12)
• 14 Nisan – After Jesus celebrated the Passover, Jesus was crucified (Leviticus 23:5 says Passover is Nisan 14)
• 16 Nisan – (Morning of the third day) Jesus rose from the dead (John 20:1,9)

3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month they must each select an animal of the flock according to their fathers’ families, one animal per family. 4 If the household is too small for a whole animal, that person and the neighbor nearest his house are to select one based on the combined number of people; you should apportion the animal according to what each will eat. 5 You must have an unblemished animal, a year-old male; you may take it from either the sheep or the goats. 6 You are to keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembly of the community of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight.[6]
 
7 They must take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses where they eat them. 8 They are to eat the meat that night; they should eat it, roasted over the fire along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or cooked in boiling water, but only roasted over fire—its head as well as its legs and inner organs. 10 You must not leave any of it until morning; any part of it left until morning you must burn. 11 Here is how you must eat it: You must be dressed for travel, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in a hurry; it is the Lord’s Passover.
12 “I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night and strike every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, both people and animals. I am the Lord; I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt. 13 The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a distinguishing mark for you; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will be among you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
14 “This day is to be a memorial for you, and you must celebrate it as a festival to the Lord. You are to celebrate it throughout your generations as a permanent statute.[7]
 
Matthew 21
1 When they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage at the Mount of Olives, Jesus then sent two disciples, 2 telling them, “Go into the village ahead of you. At once you will find a donkey tied there with her foal. Untie them and bring them to me. 3 If anyone says anything to you, say that the Lord needs them, and he will send them at once.”
4 This took place so that what was spoken through the prophet might be fulfilled:
5 Tell Daughter Zion,
“See, your King is coming to you,
gentle, and mounted on a donkey,
and on a colt,
the foal of a donkey.”

• 500 years earlier…
• Zechariah 9:9 - Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion!

Shout in triumph, Daughter Jerusalem!
Look, your King is coming to you;
he is righteous and victorious,
humble and riding on a donkey,
on a colt, the foal of a donkey.[8]
 
6 The disciples went and did just as Jesus directed them. 7 They brought the donkey and its foal; then they laid their clothes on them, and he sat on them.

• Jesus sat down on the donkey and it’s foal
• This colt had never been ridden.
• Mark 11:2 - and told them, “Go into the village ahead of you. As soon as you enter it, you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. [9]

8 A very large crowd spread their clothes on the road; others were cutting branches from the trees and spreading them on the road. 9 Then the crowds who went ahead of him and those who followed shouted:
Hosanna to the Son of David!
Blessed is he who comes in the name
of the Lord!
Hosanna in the highest heaven!

• Psalm 118
• This is what the rabbis taught would be said when the Messiah comes.
• They are proclaiming Jesus is the Messiah.
• Do they believe it?

10 When he entered Jerusalem, the whole city was in an uproar, saying, “Who is this?” 11 The crowds were saying, “This is the prophet Jesus from Nazareth in Galilee.” [10]
 
John 12:17-19 - Meanwhile, the crowd, which had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead, continued to testify. 18 This is also why the crowd met him, because they heard he had done this sign. 19 Then the Pharisees said to one another, “You see? You’ve accomplished nothing. Look, the world has gone after him!”[11]
 

• Cleansing of the Temple was the next day.
• Not in chronological order.

Matthew 21
CHILDREN PRAISE JESUS
14 The blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. 15 When the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonders that he did and the children shouting in the temple, “Hosanna to the Son of David!” they were indignant 16 and said to him, “Do you hear what these children are saying?”
Jesus replied, “Yes, have you never read:
You have prepared praise
from the mouths of infants and nursing babies?”
17 Then he left them, went out of the city to Bethany, and spent the night there. [12]
 
Mark 11
1 When they approached Jerusalem, at Bethphage and Bethany near the Mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples 2 and told them, “Go into the village ahead of you. As soon as you enter it, you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. 3 If anyone says to you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord needs it and will send it back here right away.’”
4 So they went and found a colt outside in the street, tied by a door. They untied it, 5 and some of those standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying the colt?” 6 They answered them just as Jesus had said; so they let them go.
7 They brought the donkey to Jesus and threw their clothes on it, and he sat on it. 8 Many people spread their clothes on the road, and others spread leafy branches cut from the fields. 9 Those who went ahead and those who followed shouted:
Hosanna!
Blessed is he who comes
in the name of the Lord!
10 Blessed is the coming kingdom
of our father David!
Hosanna in the highest heaven!
11 He went into Jerusalem and into the temple. After looking around at everything, since it was already late, he went out to Bethany with the Twelve.[13]
 
Luke 19
29 As he approached Bethphage and Bethany, at the place called the Mount of Olives, he sent two of the disciples 30 and said, “Go into the village ahead of you. As you enter it, you will find a young donkey tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it. 31 If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ say this: ‘The Lord needs it.’”
32 So those who were sent left and found it just as he had told them. 33 As they were untying the young donkey, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying the donkey?”
34 “The Lord needs it,” they said. 35 Then they brought it to Jesus, and after throwing their clothes on the donkey, they helped Jesus get on it. 36 As he was going along, they were spreading their clothes on the road. 37 Now he came near the path down the Mount of Olives, and the whole crowd of the disciples began to praise God joyfully with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen:
38 Blessed is the King who comes
in the name of the Lord.
Peace in heaven
and glory in the highest heaven!
39 Some of the Pharisees from the crowd told him, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples.”
40 He answered, “I tell you, if they were to keep silent, the stones would cry out.”
 
JESUS’S LOVE FOR JERUSALEM
41 As he approached and saw the city, he wept for it, 42 saying, “If you knew this day what would bring peace—but now it is hidden from your eyes. 43 For the days will come on you when your enemies will build a barricade around you, surround you, and hem you in on every side. 44 They will crush you and your children among you to the ground, and they will not leave one stone on another in your midst, because you did not recognize the time when God visited you.”[14]

[1] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 19:1–28). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 11:55–12:1). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 12:9–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Dt 16:1). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Es 3:7). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ex 12:1–6). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Ex 12:7–14). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Zec 9:9). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[9] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 11:2). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[10] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 21:1–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[11] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Jn 12:12–19). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers
[12] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mt 21:14–17). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[13] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Mk 11:1–11). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.
[14] Christian Standard Bible. (2017). (Lk 19:29–44). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.

QUESTION
Who is the most significant person who has ever lived? Time magazine 2013 said it was Jesus with Napoleon as #2
 
JEWISH FEASTS
1. Passover - 1 Cor 5:7
Isiahah chapter 53
Matzoh bread is pierced and striped

2. Unleavened Bread
Psalm 22
At 3pm Jesus said "It is finished." just as high priest sacrificed the last lamb.

3. First Fruits
1 Cor 15:20

4. Pentecost
Leviticus 23:17, Romans 8:2

5. Trumpets
Habakkuk 1:5-6
Jericho before entering Promised Land

6. Atonement
Hebrews 8:13
Talmud account of scapegoat ribbon ceasing to change from crimson to white.

7. Tabernacles
John 1:14
Celebrated 40 years of wandering. It was 40 years after the cross.
 
MAIN POINT
We have a faith, but it's not a blind faith. The evidence from a Jewish feast perspective is convincing and at the very least fascinating.
 
CLOSING
Romans 2:4
I hope His Love and kindness drives all of us to dig deeper. 

Syria – Middle East issues

• Genesis 21:12-21
• Ishmael – Wikipedia
• Been going on for a long time.
• There is no end to this…
• The Bible is relevant for today.

 
What one great event will this generation in this room be remembered for?

• 9-11
• How thought out was it? The date was even significant.

 
For the Jews: the Passover was significant
 
This "order" is known as the “seder,”

• seder meaning "order.”
• All Jews use the same type of seder plate.
• A cup of salt water is positioned in the center of the plate.
• Reclining – Slaves had to stand or sit up straight to eat meals. So now they recline in freedom.

 
Things changed after the destruction of the temple in AD 70, for no longer could a lamb be slain for the Passover meal.

• The shank bone of a lamb is placed on the Seder plate as a memorial. The shank bone serving as a symbol of the lamb that can no longer be offered for the Passover meal.
• Roasted chicken is usually eaten today in place of the lamb during the main meal.

 

1. The Kaddeish: The first cup of wine:

1. The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification
Current practice: Kaddeish means "sanctification,"

• Lighting of two candles soon after nightfall
• Special blessing is pronounced over the feast day
• blessing over the first cup of wine
• No wine allowed between the first & second cups.

 
2. The Urchatz: The washing of the hands
Current practice: urchatz means "and wash,"

• Fingers dipped into water

 
3. Carpas: The eating of the green vegetable
Current practice:

• Parsley is similar to hyssop
• Hyssop being used to apply blood over doorpost.
• Dipped in salt water – tears drip off
• God parted salt waters of Red Sea

 
4. Yachatz: The breaking of the middle Matzah
Current practice: Yachatz means “to divide”

• Plate holding 3 loaves of unleavened bread
• Loaves are wrapped together
• Middle loaf is removed and broken in half
• One half is returned
• The other half, “Afikoman”, is wrapped in linen and hidden for later (for use with the 3rd cup)
• Yachatz is not addressed in Gospels

 
5. Maggid: The Passover Story
Current practice: Maggid means “telling the story”

• The actual Passover story is told (Mishnah)
• From Abraham to Jacob
• From the enslavement in Egypt to the liberation of the Jews
• 2nd cup is poured out (10 drops=10 plagues)
• Hallel is read (Psalm 113 & 114)

 
 6. Rachtzah: Washing of the hands
Current practice: Rachtzah means “washing”

• Dipping of fingers into water

 
7. Motzi: The blessing of He who brings forth bread from the earth
Current practice: Motzi means “the bringing forth”

• Blessing on the bread eaten before the main meal
• “Blessed are You, O Lord our god, ruler of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.”

​
8. Matzah: The eating of a small piece of the middle matzah and the upper matzah
Current practice:

• Each participant eats a small piece of the middle and upper matzahs.
• They all recite “Blessed are You, O Lord our God, Ruler of the Universe, who commanded us concerning the eating of the Matzah.”
• Points to the swiftness with which the Jews departed from Egypt.

 
9. Maror: Bitter herbs
Current practice: Maror means “bitter herbs”

• Blessing over a bitter herb
• Bitter herb is dipped in charoset
• Brings tears to the eyes in remembrance of tears shed in Egypt and loss of sons in Nile.
• Eaten with matzah

 
10. Coreich: The sandwich
Current practice: Coreich means “combining”

• 2 pieces from bottom matzah with charoset on one piece and maror on the other
• Eaten as a sandwich
• Charoset & maror replaced the lamb
• Eaten with no blessing

 
11. Shulchan: The eating of the main meal
Current practice:

• Main meal is eaten (no specific menu)
• In Moses’ day, roasted lamb was required
• A different roasted egg was eaten to begin the meal
• The roasted egg was known as the Chagigah and was offered at 9 AM on Passover day
• Since there is no temple the egg was offered in replacement of the lamb
• It is dipped in salt as the sacrifices were salted
• One should not eat or drink too much so they can enjoy the afikoman last.

 
12. Tzafun: The eating of the afikoman; Jesus institutes the Lord’s Supper or Communion
Current practice: Tzafun means “the hidden”

• After the meal, the afikoman is returned and eaten as “desert”
• Each person receives the size of an olive
• Judas was not present at this point
• Three compartment bag – Trinity
• Afikoman hidden (burial) and returned (resurrection)

 
13. Bareich: The grace said over the third cup
Current practice: Bareich is the “cup of redemption”

• To the unredeemed Jew the cup points to the future redemption and freedom of the Jews

 
14. Hallel: The singing of the Psalms 113-118
Current practice:

• These Psalms sung over the 4th cup (cup of praise)

 
15. Nirtzah:
Current practice: Nirtzah means “accepted”

• Modern day addition
• Someone states that God is pleased with how the Seder was performed

 
Since 600 AD, scholarly Jews have debated whether there were 4 or 5 cups.

• A 5th cup was poured but never consumed
• They agreed to leave it that way until Elijah comes and settles the dispute.
• It is now named the Elijah cup.
• The door is opened to accommodate his return.

 
For the Christians: the timing of the sacrifice was important.

• The sacrificial animal, which was either a lamb or goat, was necessarily a male, one year old, and without blemish. Each family or society offered one animal together, which did not require the "semikah" (laying on of hands), although it was obligatory to determine who were to take part in the sacrifice that the killing might take place with the proper intentions.
• The sacrificial service took place in the courtyard of the Temple at Jerusalem. Strictly speaking, slaughtering could be performed by a layman, but in practice was performed by priests. The blood had to be collected by a priest, and rows of priests with gold or silver cups in their hands stood in line from the Temple court to the altar, where the blood was sprinkled. These cups were rounded on the bottom, so that they could not be set down; for in that case the blood might coagulate. The priest who caught the blood as it dropped from the animal then handed the cup to the priest next to him, receiving from him an empty one, and the full cup was passed along the line until it reached the last priest, who sprinkled its contents on the altar. The lamb was then hung upon special hooks or sticks and skinned; but if the eve of the Passover fell on a Sabbath, the skin was removed down to the breast only. The abdomen was then cut open, and the fatty portions intended for the altar were taken out, placed in a vessel, salted, and offered by the priest on the altar, while the remaining entrails likewise were taken out and cleansed.
• Only those who were circumcised and clean before the Law might participate, and they were forbidden to have leavened food in their possession during the act of killing the paschal lamb. The animal was slain on the eve of the Passover, on the afternoon of the 14th of Nisan,[2] after the Tamid sacrifice had been killed, i.e., at three o'clock, or, in case the eve of the Passover fell on Friday, at two.[3]
• In 2016 Jewish activists pushing for a third temple in Jerusalem attempted to ascend the Temple Mount carrying baby goats intended to be used as Passover sacrifices on Friday afternoon, as they do every year. Jerusalem police detained ten suspects in the Old City for interrogation, and seized four sacrificial goat kids.

 
The Lord’s Supper -
 
John 14:27-31 - 27 “Peace I leave with you. My peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Your heart must not be troubled or fearful. 28 You have heard Me tell you, ‘I am going away and I am coming to you.’ If you loved Me, you would have rejoiced that I am going to the Father, because the Father is greater than I. 29 I have told you now before it happens so that when it does happen you may believe. 30 I will not talk with you much longer, because the ruler of the world is coming. He has no power over Me. w31 On the contrary, I am going away so that the world may know that I love the Father. Just as the Father commanded Me, so I do.
Get up; let’s leave this place.” [1]

[1] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jn 14:27–31). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.