Luke 5:1-11 – The Call of Peter, Andrew, James & John
1 As the crowd was pressing in on Jesus to hear God’s word, He was standing by Lake Gennesaret. 2 He saw two boats at the edge of the lake; the fishermen had left them and were washing their nets. 3 He got into one of the boats, which belonged to Simon, and asked him to put out a little from the land. Then He sat down and was teaching the crowds from the boat.
4 When He had finished speaking, He said to Simon, “Put out into deep water and let down your nets for a catch.”
5 “Master,” Simon replied, “we’ve worked hard all night long and caught nothing! But at Your word, I’ll let down the nets.”
6 When they did this, they caught a great number of fish, and their nets began to tear. 7 So they signaled to their partners in the other boat to come and help them; they came and filled both boats so full that they began to sink.
8 When Simon Peter saw this, he fell at Jesus’ knees and said, “Go away from me, because I’m a sinful man, Lord!” 9 For he and all those with him were amazed at the catch of fish they took, 10 and so were James and John, Zebedee’s sons, who were Simon’s partners.
“Don’t be afraid,” Jesus told Simon. “From now on you will be catching people!” 11 Then they brought the boats to land, left everything, and followed Him.[1]
Matthew 4:21-22 – The Call of James & John
21 Going on from there, He saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee, and his brother John. They were in a boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and He called them. 22 Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed Him. [2]
Luke 5:12-16 – Jesus heals a leper
12 While He was in one of the towns, a man was there who had a serious skin disease all over him (fully developed).
 - When your issue becomes public knowledge and it causes people to avoid you.
He saw Jesus, fell facedown, and begged Him: “Lord, if You are willing, You can make me clean.”
- Last week - Luke 4:27 - 27 And in the prophet Elisha’s time, there were many in Israel who had serious skin diseases, yet not one of them was healed —only Naaman the Syrian (2 Kings 5). (Gentile – Syria army was an enemy of Israel)”
 - Pharisees taught that only the Messiah could heal a Jew of leprosy.
 - If the man was a Jew and this is what he had been taught then he must have believed that Jesus was the Messiah.
13 Reaching out His hand, He touched him, saying, “I am willing; be made clean,” and immediately the disease left him.
 - No Pharisee would have touched this leper.
14 Then He ordered him to tell no one: “But go and show yourself to the priest, and offer what Moses prescribed for your cleansing as a testimony to them.”
 - Leviticus 13 & 14 were instructions for the priests to deal with the ceremonial cleansing of lepers.
 - Leviticus 14:1-32
1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “This is the law concerning the person afflicted with a skin disease on the day of his cleansing. He is to be brought to the priest, 3 who will go outside the camp and examine him. If the skin disease has disappeared from the afflicted person, 4 the priest will order that two live clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be brought for the one who is to be cleansed. 5 Then the priest will order that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water in a clay pot. 6 He is to take the live bird together with the cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop, and dip them all into the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water. 7 He will then sprinkle the blood seven times on the one who is to be cleansed from the skin disease. He is to pronounce him clean and release the live bird over the open countryside. 8 The one who is to be cleansed must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bathe with water; he is clean. Afterward he may enter the camp, but he must remain outside his tent for seven days. -

9 He is to shave off all his hair again on the seventh day: his head, his beard, his eyebrows, and the rest of his hair. He is to wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; he is clean…
14 The priest is to take some of the blood from the restitution offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.[3]

 - Once this priest was forced to perform these duties… it caused many of them to gather and talk.
 - Jesus was forcing them to acknowledge that He was the Messiah.
15 But the news about Him spread even more, and large crowds would come together to hear Him and to be healed of their sicknesses. 16 Yet He often withdrew to deserted places and prayed. [4]
 Luke 5:17-26 – Jesus heals a paralytic that is lowered through the roof at Peter’s house in Capernaum.
17 On one of those days while He was teaching, Pharisees and teachers of the law were sitting there who had come from every village of Galilee and Judea, and also from Jerusalem.
- It was a big deal for Pharisees to come to Galilee.
And the Lord’s power to heal was in Him. 18 Just then some men came, carrying on a mat a man who was paralyzed. They tried to bring him in and set him down before Him. 19 Since they could not find a way to bring him in because of the crowd, they went up on the roof and lowered him on the mat through the roof tiles into the middle of the crowd before Jesus.
20 Seeing their faith He said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven you.”
 - Jesus doesn’t forgive sin based upon a statement but by dying on a cross.
 - According to all 66 books, Jesus words were not strong enough to forgive sin.
21 Then the scribes and the Pharisees began to think: “Who is this man who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins but God alone?”
 - Observation stage - They never question out loud.
22 But perceiving their thoughts, Jesus replied to them, “Why are you thinking this in your hearts?
- They didn’t believe He was the Messiah
23 Which is easier: to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’?
- How do you prove that you are the Messiah?
- To say a statement that could be questioned or to watch a physical manifestation of healing before their very eyes?
24 But so you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—He told the paralyzed man, “I tell you: Get up, pick up your mat, and go home.”
 - Jesus was forcing the Sanhedrin to decide who He was.
25 Immediately he got up before them, picked up what he had been lying on, and went home glorifying God. 26 Then everyone was astounded, and they were giving glory to God. And they were filled with awe and said, “We have seen incredible things today!” [5]
Matthew 9:9-13 – Matthew’s Call
9 As Jesus went on from there, He saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax office, and He said to him, “Follow Me!” So he got up and followed Him.
10 While He was reclining at the table in the house, many tax collectors and sinners came as guests to eat with Jesus and His disciples.
 - Matthew threw a party because of his belief/salvation in Jesus.
 - He invited tax collectors and prostitutes.
11 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked His disciples, “Why does your Teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?”
 - 2nd Stage – Sanhedrin begins to ask questions.
12 But when He heard this, He said, “Those who are well don’t need a doctor, but the sick do. 13 Go and learn what this means: I desire mercy and not sacrifice. For I didn’t come to call the righteous, but sinners.” [6]
- righteous here = self-righteous

[1] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 5:1–11). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mt 4:21–22). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Le 14:1–32). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 5:12–16). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 5:17–26). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mt 9:9–13). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

Matthew 4:17 - 17 From then on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, because the kingdom of heaven has come near!” [1]
Luke 4:14-15 - 14 Then Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news about Him spread throughout the entire vicinity. 15 He was teaching in their synagogues, being acclaimed by everyone. [2]
John 4:46-54 - 46 Then He went again to Cana of Galilee, where He had turned the water into wine. There was a certain royal official whose son was ill at Capernaum.
         - Herod the Great > Herod Antipas
47 When this man heard that Jesus had come from Judea into Galilee, he went to Him and pleaded with Him to come down and heal his son, for he was about to die.
48 Jesus told him, “Unless you people see signs and wonders, you will not believe.”
         - “Will you believe after I do the miracle?” or
         - “Will this confirm what you already believe?”
49 “Sir,” the official said to Him, “come down before my boy dies!”
50 “Go,” Jesus told him, “your son will live.” The man believed what Jesus said to him and departed.
51 While he was still going down, his slaves met him saying that his boy was alive. 52 He asked them at what time he got better. “Yesterday at seven in the morning the fever left him,” they answered.
         - The officer believed Jesus and slept the night in peace.
53 The father realized this was the very hour at which Jesus had told him, “Your son will live.” Then he himself believed, along with his whole household.
54 This, therefore, was the second sign Jesus performed after He came from Judea to Galilee. [3]
Luke 4:16-31 –Jesus’ First Rejection at Nazareth
16 He came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As usual, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath day and stood up to read. 17 The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to Him, and unrolling the scroll, He found the place where it was written:
18 The Spirit of the Lord is on Me, because He has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor.
He has sent Me to proclaim freedom to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to set free the oppressed, 19 to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor. (Isaiah 61:1-2a)

• Jesus stops in the middle of verse 2 because Isaiah transitions to end times prophecy.
• Jesus wants to focus on the part of Isaiah’s prophecy that is referring to the present… Him.

20 He then rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. And the eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 He began by saying to them, “Today as you listen, this Scripture has been fulfilled.”

• “I am the One who has come to give the Good News to you… the poor. I want you to have freedom, I want you to see, I don’t want you to be oppressed… and if not you the Jew… then the Gentiles.”
• “I am the One Isaiah is talking about.
  
  
• No where in the OT does it refer to the Messiah as the one who is crucified… the suffering servant.
• Isaiah refers to the suffering servant.
• They see it as different than the Messiah.
• Jesus is telling them I am the Messiah and the servant.

22 They were all speaking well of Him and were amazed by the gracious words that came from His mouth, yet they said, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”
23 Then He said to them, “No doubt you will quote this proverb to Me: ‘Doctor, heal yourself. So all we’ve heard that took place in Capernaum, do here in Your hometown also.’ ”

• The healings you have done everywhere else… do them here.

24 He also said, “I assure you: No prophet is accepted in his hometown. 25 But I say to you, there were certainly many widows in Israel in Elijah’s days, when the sky was shut up for three years and six months while a great famine came over all the land. 26 Yet Elijah was not sent to any of them—but to a widow at Zarephath in Sidon. (Gentile – area known for worshipping the God of Baal) 27 And in the prophet Elisha’s time, there were many in Israel who had serious skin diseases, yet not one of them was healed —only Naaman the Syrian. (Gentile – Syria army was an enemy of Israel)”

• Remember this healing of the leper… A Gentile…
• No Jew had every been healed of leprosy at this point.

28 When they heard this, everyone in the synagogue was enraged. 29 They got up, drove Him out of town, and brought Him to the edge of the hill that their town was built on, intending to hurl Him over the cliff. 30 But He passed right through the crowd and went on His way.
31 Then He went down to Capernaum, a town in Galilee, and was teaching them on the Sabbath.[4]


Matthew 4:13-16 –The Move to Capernum
13 He left Nazareth behind and went to live in Capernaum by the sea, in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali. 14 This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet Isaiah:
15 Land of Zebulun and land of Naphtali, along the sea road, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles!
16 The people who live in darkness have seen a great light, and for those living in the shadowland of death, light has dawned. [5]

• Jesus has once again fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah.

Mark 1:21-28 – Jesus heals demonic on Sabbath
21 Then they went into Capernaum, and right away He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and began to teach. 22 They were astonished at His teaching because, unlike the scribes, He was teaching them as one having authority.
23 Just then a man with an unclean spirit was in their synagogue. He cried out, 24 “What do You have to do with us, Jesus—Nazarene? Have You come to destroy us? I know who You are—the Holy One of God!”
25 But Jesus rebuked him and said, “Be quiet, and come out of him!” 26 And the unclean spirit convulsed him, shouted with a loud voice, and came out of him.
27 Then they were all amazed, so they began to argue with one another, saying, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him.” 28 News about Him then spread throughout the entire vicinity of Galilee.[6]
Mark 1:29-34 – Jesus heals Peter’s Mother-in-Law
29 As soon as they left the synagogue, they went into Simon and Andrew’s house with James and John. 30 Simon’s (Peter is married) mother-in-law was lying in bed with a fever, and they told Him about her at once. 31 So He went to her, took her by the hand, and raised her up. The fever left her, and she began to serve them.

• Jesus healed on the Sabbath – that is work
• That is the oral law… not God’s Law.

32 When evening came, after the sun had set, they began bringing to Him all those who were sick and those who were demon-possessed.

• They brought them after the Sabbath because they had been trained in the oral law.

 33 The whole town was assembled at the door, 34 and He healed many who were sick with various diseases and drove out many demons. But He would not permit the demons to speak, because they knew Him.[7]

• He didn’t need the demons to help Him proclaim who He was.

Mark 1:35-39 – First Tour of Galilee w/ Peter, Andrew, James & John
35 Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, He got up, went out, and made His way to a deserted place. And He was praying there. 36 Simon and his companions went searching for Him. 37 They found Him and said, “Everyone’s looking for You!”
38 And He said to them, “Let’s go on to the neighboring villages so that I may preach there too. This is why I have come.” 39 So He went into all of Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons. [8]

• Jesus spoke with authority
• Jesus came as a prophet
• Jesus left as a high priest

Jesus returns as the king

[1] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mt 4:17). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 4:14–15). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jn 4:46–54). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 4:16–31). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mt 4:13–16). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mk 1:21–28). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mk 1:29–34). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mk 1:35–39). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

John 3:22-36 – John the Baptist < Jesus
 22 After this, Jesus and His disciples went to the Judean countryside, where He spent time with them and baptized. 23 John also was baptizing in Aenon near Salim, because there was plenty of water there. People were coming and being baptized, 24 since John had not yet been thrown into prison.
25 Then a dispute arose between John’s disciples and a Jew about purification. 26 So they came to John and told him, “Rabbi, the One you testified about, and who was with you across the Jordan, is baptizing—and everyone is flocking to Him.”
27 John responded, “No one can receive a single thing unless it’s given to him from heaven. 28 You yourselves can testify that I said, ‘I am not the Messiah, but I’ve been sent ahead of Him.’ 29 He who has the bride is the groom. But the groom’s friend, who stands by and listens for him, rejoices greatly at the groom’s voice. So this joy of mine is complete. 30 He must increase, but I must decrease.”
31 The One who comes from above is above all. The one who is from the earth is earthly and speaks in earthly terms. The One who comes from heaven is above all. 32 He testifies to what He has seen and heard, yet no one accepts His testimony. 33 The one who has accepted His testimony has affirmed that God is true. 34 For God sent Him, and He speaks God’s words, since He gives the Spirit without measure. 35 The Father loves the Son and has given all things into His hands. 36 The one who believes in the Son has eternal life, but the one who refuses to believe in the Son will not see life; instead, the wrath of God remains on him.
 
Jesus leaves Judea because of John’s arrest
         - John 4:1-4 - When Jesus knew that the Pharisees heard He was making and baptizing more disciples than John [2] (though Jesus Himself was not baptizing, but His disciples were), [3] He left Judea and went again to Galilee.
Jesus travels through Samaria
 John 4:1-4 - 1 When Jesus knew that the Pharisees heard He was making and baptizing more disciples than John 2 (though Jesus Himself was not baptizing, but His disciples were), 3 He left Judea and went again to Galilee. 4 He had to travel through Samaria,[1]
John the Baptist Arrested
 Luke 3:19-20 - 19 But Herod the tetrarch, being rebuked by him about Herodias, his brother’s wife, and about all the evil things Herod had done, 20 added this to everything else—he locked John up in prison.[2]
Matthew 4:12 - 12 When He heard that John had been arrested, He withdrew into Galilee.[3]
Mark 1:14-15 - 14 After John was arrested, Jesus went to Galilee, preaching the good news of God: 15 “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near. Repent and believe in the good news!”[4]
Luke 4:14 - 14 Then Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news about Him spread throughout the entire vicinity. 15 He was teaching in their synagogues, being acclaimed by everyone. [5]
Jesus & the Woman at the Well
John 4:5-42 - 5 so He came to a town of Samaria called Sychar near the property that Jacob had given his son Joseph. 6 Jacob’s well was there,
 - Maps (Sychar, Sychar zoom & Mt Gerizim)
 - Mt. Gerizim was were the temple for Samaritan worship took place.
 - The Samaritans wanted their own temple and didn’t even mention Jerusalem.
 - They took the Mosaic Law and replaced Jerusalem with Mt. Gerizim.
Joshua 8:30-35
 30 At that time Joshua built an altar on Mount Ebal to the Lord, the God of Israel, 31 just as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded the Israelites. He built it according to what is written in the book of the law of Moses: an altar of uncut stones on which no iron tool has been used. Then they offered burnt offerings to the Lord and sacrificed fellowship offerings on it. 32 There on the stones, Joshua copied the law of Moses, which he had written in the presence of the Israelites. 33 All Israel, foreigner and citizen alike, with their elders, officers, and judges, stood on either side of the ark of the Lord’s covenant facing the Levitical priests who carried it. As Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded earlier, half of them were in front of Mount Gerizim and half in front of Mount Ebal, to bless the people of Israel. 34 Afterward, Joshua read aloud all the words of the law—the blessings as well as the curses—according to all that is written in the book of the law. 35 There was not a word of all that Moses had commanded that Joshua did not read before the entire assembly of Israel, including the women, the little children, and the foreigners who were with them.[6]
- Today, Mt. Gerizem is in Palestinian control.

and Jesus, worn out from His journey, sat down at the well. It was about six in the evening. 7 A woman of Samaria came to draw water. “Give Me a drink,” Jesus said to her, 8 for His disciples had gone into town to buy food.
 - Jesus did this while the disciples gone.
 - They didn’t approve of him hanging out with a Samaritan.
 - It is a greater disappointment for them to hang out with a Samaritan than it was a woman.
9 “How is it that You, a Jew, ask for a drink from me, a Samaritan woman?” she asked Him. For Jews do not associate with Samaritans.
10 Jesus answered, “If you knew the gift of God, and who is saying to you, ‘Give Me a drink,’ you would ask Him, and He would give you living water.”
11 “Sir,” said the woman, “You don’t even have a bucket, and the well is deep. So where do You get this ‘living water’? 12 You aren’t greater than our father Jacob, are You? He gave us the well and drank from it himself, as did his sons and livestock.”
13 Jesus said, “Everyone who drinks from this water will get thirsty again. 14 But whoever drinks from the water that I will give him will never get thirsty again—ever! In fact, the water I will give him will become a well of water springing up within him for eternal life.”
15 “Sir,” the woman said to Him, “give me this water so I won’t get thirsty and come here to draw water.”
16 “Go call your husband,” He told her, “and come back here.”
17 “I don’t have a husband,” she answered.
“You have correctly said, ‘I don’t have a husband,’ ” Jesus said. 18 “For you’ve had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. What you have said is true.”
19 “Sir,” the woman replied, “I see that You are a prophet. 20 Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, syet you Jews say that the place to worship is in Jerusalem.”
21 Jesus told her, “Believe Me, woman, an hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. 22 You Samaritans worship what you do not know. We worship what we do know, because salvation is from the Jews. 23 But an hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth. Yes, the Father wants such people to worship Him. 24 God is spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth.”
25 The woman said to Him, “I know that Messiah is coming” (who is called Christ ). “When He comes, He will explain everything to us.”
26 “I am He,” Jesus told her, “the One speaking to you.”
27 Just then His disciples arrived, and they were amazed that He was talking with a woman. Yet no one said, “What do You want?” or “Why are You talking with her?”
28 Then the woman left her water jar, went into town, and told the men, 29 “Come, see a man who told me everything I ever did! Could this be the Messiah?” 30 They left the town and made their way to Him.
31 In the meantime the disciples kept urging Him, “Rabbi, eat something.”
32 But He said, “I have food to eat that you don’t know about.”
33 The disciples said to one another, “Could someone have brought Him something to eat?”
34 “My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me and to finish His work,” Jesus told them. 35 “Don’t you say, ‘There are still four more months, then comes the harvest’? Listen to what I’m telling you: Open your eyes and look at the fields, for they are ready for harvest. 36 The reaper is already receiving pay and gathering fruit for eternal life, so the sower and reaper can rejoice together. 37 For in this case the saying is true: ‘One sows and another reaps.’ 38 I sent you to reap what you didn’t labor for; others have labored, and you have benefited from their labor.”
39 Now many Samaritans from that town believed in Him because of what the woman said when she testified, “He told me everything I ever did.” 40 Therefore, when the Samaritans came to Him, they asked Him to stay with them, and He stayed there two days. 41 Many more believed because of what He said. 42 And they told the woman, “We no longer believe because of what you said, for we have heard for ourselves and know that this really is the Savior of the world.”[7]

• V. 9 - How is it that You, a Jew,
• V. 11, 15, 19 - “Sir,” said the woman
• V. 19 - “I see that You are a prophet.
• V. 29 - Could this be the Messiah?”

The more she hung out with Jesus, the more she realized who He actually was.
Luke 4:14-15 –Ministry in Galilee
14 Then Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit, and news about Him spread throughout the entire vicinity. 15 He was teaching in their synagogues, being acclaimed by everyone. [8]

[1] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jn 4:1–4). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[2] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 3:19–20). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[3] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mt 4:12). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[4] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Mk 1:14–15). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[5] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 4:14–15). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[6] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jos 8:30–35). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[7] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jn 4:7–42). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.
[8] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Lk 4:14–15). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.

Syria – Middle East issues

• Genesis 21:12-21
• Ishmael – Wikipedia
• Been going on for a long time.
• There is no end to this…
• The Bible is relevant for today.

 
What one great event will this generation in this room be remembered for?

• 9-11
• How thought out was it? The date was even significant.

 
For the Jews: the Passover was significant
 
This "order" is known as the “seder,”

• seder meaning "order.”
• All Jews use the same type of seder plate.
• A cup of salt water is positioned in the center of the plate.
• Reclining – Slaves had to stand or sit up straight to eat meals. So now they recline in freedom.

 
Things changed after the destruction of the temple in AD 70, for no longer could a lamb be slain for the Passover meal.

• The shank bone of a lamb is placed on the Seder plate as a memorial. The shank bone serving as a symbol of the lamb that can no longer be offered for the Passover meal.
• Roasted chicken is usually eaten today in place of the lamb during the main meal.

 

1. The Kaddeish: The first cup of wine:

1. The Cup of Blessing, or, The Cup of Sanctification
Current practice: Kaddeish means "sanctification,"

• Lighting of two candles soon after nightfall
• Special blessing is pronounced over the feast day
• blessing over the first cup of wine
• No wine allowed between the first & second cups.

 
2. The Urchatz: The washing of the hands
Current practice: urchatz means "and wash,"

• Fingers dipped into water

 
3. Carpas: The eating of the green vegetable
Current practice:

• Parsley is similar to hyssop
• Hyssop being used to apply blood over doorpost.
• Dipped in salt water – tears drip off
• God parted salt waters of Red Sea

 
4. Yachatz: The breaking of the middle Matzah
Current practice: Yachatz means “to divide”

• Plate holding 3 loaves of unleavened bread
• Loaves are wrapped together
• Middle loaf is removed and broken in half
• One half is returned
• The other half, “Afikoman”, is wrapped in linen and hidden for later (for use with the 3rd cup)
• Yachatz is not addressed in Gospels

 
5. Maggid: The Passover Story
Current practice: Maggid means “telling the story”

• The actual Passover story is told (Mishnah)
• From Abraham to Jacob
• From the enslavement in Egypt to the liberation of the Jews
• 2nd cup is poured out (10 drops=10 plagues)
• Hallel is read (Psalm 113 & 114)

 
 6. Rachtzah: Washing of the hands
Current practice: Rachtzah means “washing”

• Dipping of fingers into water

 
7. Motzi: The blessing of He who brings forth bread from the earth
Current practice: Motzi means “the bringing forth”

• Blessing on the bread eaten before the main meal
• “Blessed are You, O Lord our god, ruler of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.”

​
8. Matzah: The eating of a small piece of the middle matzah and the upper matzah
Current practice:

• Each participant eats a small piece of the middle and upper matzahs.
• They all recite “Blessed are You, O Lord our God, Ruler of the Universe, who commanded us concerning the eating of the Matzah.”
• Points to the swiftness with which the Jews departed from Egypt.

 
9. Maror: Bitter herbs
Current practice: Maror means “bitter herbs”

• Blessing over a bitter herb
• Bitter herb is dipped in charoset
• Brings tears to the eyes in remembrance of tears shed in Egypt and loss of sons in Nile.
• Eaten with matzah

 
10. Coreich: The sandwich
Current practice: Coreich means “combining”

• 2 pieces from bottom matzah with charoset on one piece and maror on the other
• Eaten as a sandwich
• Charoset & maror replaced the lamb
• Eaten with no blessing

 
11. Shulchan: The eating of the main meal
Current practice:

• Main meal is eaten (no specific menu)
• In Moses’ day, roasted lamb was required
• A different roasted egg was eaten to begin the meal
• The roasted egg was known as the Chagigah and was offered at 9 AM on Passover day
• Since there is no temple the egg was offered in replacement of the lamb
• It is dipped in salt as the sacrifices were salted
• One should not eat or drink too much so they can enjoy the afikoman last.

 
12. Tzafun: The eating of the afikoman; Jesus institutes the Lord’s Supper or Communion
Current practice: Tzafun means “the hidden”

• After the meal, the afikoman is returned and eaten as “desert”
• Each person receives the size of an olive
• Judas was not present at this point
• Three compartment bag – Trinity
• Afikoman hidden (burial) and returned (resurrection)

 
13. Bareich: The grace said over the third cup
Current practice: Bareich is the “cup of redemption”

• To the unredeemed Jew the cup points to the future redemption and freedom of the Jews

 
14. Hallel: The singing of the Psalms 113-118
Current practice:

• These Psalms sung over the 4th cup (cup of praise)

 
15. Nirtzah:
Current practice: Nirtzah means “accepted”

• Modern day addition
• Someone states that God is pleased with how the Seder was performed

 
Since 600 AD, scholarly Jews have debated whether there were 4 or 5 cups.

• A 5th cup was poured but never consumed
• They agreed to leave it that way until Elijah comes and settles the dispute.
• It is now named the Elijah cup.
• The door is opened to accommodate his return.

 
For the Christians: the timing of the sacrifice was important.

• The sacrificial animal, which was either a lamb or goat, was necessarily a male, one year old, and without blemish. Each family or society offered one animal together, which did not require the "semikah" (laying on of hands), although it was obligatory to determine who were to take part in the sacrifice that the killing might take place with the proper intentions.
• The sacrificial service took place in the courtyard of the Temple at Jerusalem. Strictly speaking, slaughtering could be performed by a layman, but in practice was performed by priests. The blood had to be collected by a priest, and rows of priests with gold or silver cups in their hands stood in line from the Temple court to the altar, where the blood was sprinkled. These cups were rounded on the bottom, so that they could not be set down; for in that case the blood might coagulate. The priest who caught the blood as it dropped from the animal then handed the cup to the priest next to him, receiving from him an empty one, and the full cup was passed along the line until it reached the last priest, who sprinkled its contents on the altar. The lamb was then hung upon special hooks or sticks and skinned; but if the eve of the Passover fell on a Sabbath, the skin was removed down to the breast only. The abdomen was then cut open, and the fatty portions intended for the altar were taken out, placed in a vessel, salted, and offered by the priest on the altar, while the remaining entrails likewise were taken out and cleansed.
• Only those who were circumcised and clean before the Law might participate, and they were forbidden to have leavened food in their possession during the act of killing the paschal lamb. The animal was slain on the eve of the Passover, on the afternoon of the 14th of Nisan,[2] after the Tamid sacrifice had been killed, i.e., at three o'clock, or, in case the eve of the Passover fell on Friday, at two.[3]
• In 2016 Jewish activists pushing for a third temple in Jerusalem attempted to ascend the Temple Mount carrying baby goats intended to be used as Passover sacrifices on Friday afternoon, as they do every year. Jerusalem police detained ten suspects in the Old City for interrogation, and seized four sacrificial goat kids.

 
The Lord’s Supper -
 
John 14:27-31 - 27 “Peace I leave with you. My peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Your heart must not be troubled or fearful. 28 You have heard Me tell you, ‘I am going away and I am coming to you.’ If you loved Me, you would have rejoiced that I am going to the Father, because the Father is greater than I. 29 I have told you now before it happens so that when it does happen you may believe. 30 I will not talk with you much longer, because the ruler of the world is coming. He has no power over Me. w31 On the contrary, I am going away so that the world may know that I love the Father. Just as the Father commanded Me, so I do.
Get up; let’s leave this place.” [1]

[1] The Holy Bible: Holman Christian standard version. (2009). (Jn 14:27–31). Nashville: Holman Bible Publishers.